名词短语的构成与集合对象的描写

The Structure of Noun Phrases and the Description of Sets

名词进入句子后一般只与说话人思维中的集合体相关,名词的限定体现了听话人对集合元素进行确定的需要。现实世界由各类事物的集合及其元素组成,不同语言描写它的重点有所不同。量词语言如汉语更强调现实世界首先由集合构成,名词所指即为集合;数标记语言等则强调分析世界从单个个体开始,名词所指首先是个体事物。集合的元素本身可以是集合,单个元素也可看成一个集合。汉语名词的语法更好的体现了集合的观点。

Nouns in sentences indicate the jet idea of the speaker,instead of their category ideas,because the real world languages are to decribe is composed with sets of different things.Noun phrases show the definition of certain elements in a particular set.Without the plural markers,Chinese languges employ certain nouns to describe the way how a jet is composed with its elements,and These nouns are called "Liangci",a category different from nouns,verbs and adjectives,etc.