缺硼胁迫对不同基因型葡萄硼效率及硼积累、分配的影响

Effect of boron deficiency stress on boron efficiency,accumulation and distribution in different Vitis genotypes

【目的】评价缺硼胁迫下不同基因型葡萄的硼效率大小,揭示造成葡萄硼效率差异的原因。【方法】以葡萄属4个种7个基因型为试材,采用营养液试验,研究缺硼胁迫对不同基因型葡萄幼苗的生长状况及硼积累、分配的影响。【结果】毛葡萄‘花溪-9’、‘花溪-4’和葛藟葡萄‘习水-4’为硼高效基因型,而毛葡萄‘福泉-1’、‘农院-11’和欧洲葡萄‘红地球’、欧美杂交种‘水晶’为硼低效基因型。与对照相比,缺硼胁迫对硼高效基因型地上部或根系生长的抑制作用小于硼低效基因型。缺硼处理降低了不同基因型葡萄体内硼含量和硼积累量,其中,硼高效单株‘花溪-9’的根系和茎中的硼含量为对照的97.89%和95.28%,全株的硼积累量降幅小于50%,而硼低效植株‘福泉-1’只有51.38%和66.66%,且硼积累量降幅均大于50%。缺硼胁迫下,硼高效单株(‘花溪-9’、‘花溪-4’和‘习水-4’)根系和茎干中硼的再分配能力强于硼低效单株或品种的(‘福泉-1’、‘红地球’和‘水晶’)。缺硼胁迫下,不同葡萄基因型的硼效率与葡萄的生物量及根系特性关系密切。【结论】原产贵州喀斯特山区的野生葡萄种群整体硼效率高于欧洲葡萄和欧美杂种,但野生葡萄种内存在差异。缺硼胁迫对硼高效基因型的抑制作用小于硼低效基因型,不同基因型葡萄的硼效率差异取决于硼在植株内的移动性和再分配能力。

【Objective】The aim of the study was to evaluate boron efficiency of different Vitis genotypes under boron deficiency stress and reveal the mechanism of boron efficiency.【Method】Nutrient solution experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of boron deficiency stress on growth and boron accumulation,distribution in four grape species(seven grape genotypes).【Result】Vitis heyneana clone‘Huaxi-9',‘Huaxi-4'and V. flexuosa clone‘Xishui-4'were high boron efficiency genotypes,and V. heyneana clone‘Fuquan-1'and‘Nongyuan-11',V. vinifera cultivar‘Red globe',‘Crystal'(hybrid of V. viniferra×V. labrusca)were low boron efficiency genotypes. Inhibition of boron deficiency stress on the shoot and root growth of high boron efficiency genotypes were less than that of low boron efficiency genotypes. Boron deficiency treatment reduced the boron content and accumulation of different genotypes grapes. The boron content in root and stem of high boron efficiency genotype‘Huaxi-9'was 97.89% and 95.28% of control respectively,and the decrease of boron accumulation in total plant was less than 50%,however,the boron content in low boron efficiency genotype‘Fuquan-1'was only 51.38% and 66.66% of control,and the decrease of boron accumulation in total plant was more than 50%. Under the stress of boron deficiency,boron redistribution ability in the root and stem of high boron efficiency genotypes ‘(Huaxi-9',‘Huaxi-4'and‘Xishui-4') was stronger than that in low boron efficiency genotypes ‘(Fuquan-1',‘Red globe'and‘Crystal'). In addition,boron efficiency of different genotype grapes was closely related to the biomass and root characteristics of grapes.【Conclusion】Boron efficiency of wild grape species which are originated in Guizhou Karst mountains was higher than that of V. Vinifera and V. viniferra × V. labrusca,but there was difference within the wild grape species. The inhibitory effect of boron stress on high boron efficiency genotypes was less than that on low boron efficiency genotypes,and boron efficiency differences between different genotypes depend on the ability of mobility and redistribution of boron in plants.