柑橘盐胁迫响应及耐盐机制研究进展

Advances on salinity responses and tolerance in citrus

柑橘是一种对盐胁迫十分敏感的园艺作物。综述了不同柑橘资源耐盐性的差异,进一步列举了盐胁迫对柑橘产生的生理伤害,盐胁迫容易造成植株体内的水分亏缺,并导致盐离子尤其是Cl-的积累进而产生离子毒害效应。盐胁迫还影响植株对矿质元素的吸收,使其体内养分失衡。柑橘在长期进化过程中形成了一定的耐盐机制。例如,糖醇类和氨基酸类的合成有助于柑橘的渗透调节,酶促系统和非酶类氧化剂能够降低活性氧对柑橘的伤害。此外,离子转运蛋白如ATP结合盒转运体(ABC)和氯离子通道(CLC)能够参与离子平衡重建过程,这也在柑橘的盐胁迫适应中起重要作用。

Citrus is a major horticultural crop and is very salt sensitive. The review summarized the differ-ence of salt tolerance of citrus germplasm. The adverse effects of salinity on physiological aspects of citrusare also summarized. Salinity causes water deficit in plants,and causes specific ion toxicity especially theCl-toxicity. Besides,salinity affects the absorption of mineral elements and finally leads to nutritional im-balance within plants. During the long-term evolution process,citrus plants have developed some toler-ant mechanisms to cope with salt stress. For example,biosynthesis of sugar alcohols and amino acids con-tribute to osmotic adjustment in citrus under salinity stress,and enzymatic system and some oxidants(non-enzymes) can help to reduce the damage from reactive oxygen species. Furthermore,the ion trans-porters such as ATP-binding cassette transporter(ABC) and Chloride channel(CLC) are involved in rees-tablishment of ion homeostasis,which also play important roles in adaptations of citrus under salt stress.