毛花猕猴桃‘华特’果实发育特性研究

Characterization of fruit development of the diploid kiwifruit,Actinidia eriantha 'White'

【目的】‘华特’是近年来通过挖掘野生资源育成的一个大果优质毛花猕猴桃品种,为深入了解其果实发育特性、品质和利用价值。【方法】基于BBCH衡量方法,研究了从花后至衰老整个过程的果实形态、生长和发育等特性,以及果实碳水化合物和有机酸的积累及其动态变化。【结果】明确了‘华特’猕猴桃果实发育亦呈现细胞分裂、果实膨大(以淀粉积累为主)和果实成熟3个重要时期。根据BBCH衡量法,细胞分裂期主要包含70-74阶段,果实膨大期包含74-80阶段,果实成熟期包含80-90阶段。猕猴桃淀粉积累周期较短,以果糖含量为最高,糖组份分配合理,有机酸积累时间较长,能在蔓上软熟,可食期长,适合观光采摘种植。【结论】构建一个系统描述‘华特’果实生长发育的标准模型,为其进一步的分子生理研究提供依据。

【Objective】To identify characterization of Actinidia eriantha‘White'fruit development,fruitquality and its utilizing value.‘White'is a new cultivar selected from wild A. eriantha recently,and haslarge fruit with good flavor.【Methods】Fruit morphology,growth and development were described usingBBCH scale,and dynamics of starch and organic acid accumulation were also studied during fruit devel-opment from anthesis to fruit senescence.【Results】The results showed that there were three main stagesduring the‘white'fruit development : cell division(BBCH scale stage from 70 to 74);fruit expansion(starch accumulation,BBCH scale stage from 74 to 80);fruit maturation(BBCH scale stage from 80 to90). The period of starch accumulation of‘White'was short,but the period of organic acid accumulationwas long and the malic contents were high. The fructose content was the highest while the sucrose contentwas the lowest when the fruit was ready for eating. The fruits could be ripe on the vine,which was suit-able for sight-seeing and visitor's picking.【Conclusion】This study provided a standard model for de-scribing fruit development of‘White'based on BBCH,and foundation for further physiological and mo-lecular studies.