3个不同苹果品种果实品质及对1-MCP的吸附释放规律

Study on differences in quality and pattern of sorption and release to 1-MCP of three apple varieties

【目的】探讨生产上苹果不同品种贮藏保鲜理论依据和技术。【方法】以3个苹果品种‘旭’、‘嘎拉’、‘蜜脆’为试验材料,用1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)进行处理,分析研究了其采收时的品质及对1-MCP的吸附释放特性规律。【结果】‘旭’、‘嘎拉’、‘蜜脆’3个苹果品种硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、固酸比和果肉颜色之间的差异显著(P<0.05),采后1 d内部乙烯含量较低,但3者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。‘旭’、‘嘎拉’、‘蜜脆’果实经过20μL·L-11-MCP于20℃下处理12 h后,内部积累的1-MCP量显著不同,其中‘蜜脆’积累的最多,其次为‘嘎拉’,‘旭’果实内部基本没有积累;而瓶内的1-MCP消耗量没有差别(12 h后,‘旭’、‘嘎拉’和‘蜜脆’瓶内1-MCP消耗量分别为18.3%,17.3%和18.9%)。经过100μL·L-11-MCP于20℃下处理6 h后取出,1-MCP从不同品种果实向外释放的速率和释放量显著不同(P<0.05)。前3 h,‘嘎拉’的释放速率和释放量最大,3 h后,‘蜜脆’的释放速率和释放量最大,‘旭’的释放速率和释放量一直最小。【结论】‘旭’、‘嘎拉’、‘蜜脆’3个不同苹果品种在采后时的品质、内部乙烯含量以及对1-MCP的反应特性不同。经1-MCP处理后,内部积累的1-MCP量显著不同:‘旭’、‘嘎拉’和‘蜜脆’对1-MCP的吸附量(6 h)分别为16.2%、19.8%和7.0%。

【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the storage of different ap-ple varieties after harvesting.【Methods】With three varieties of apple‘Mc Intosh',‘Gala'and‘Honey-crisp'as materials,harvest quality and pattern of sorption and release to 1- methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)were researched after treatment with 1-MCP in this study.【Results】There were some differencesin firmness,soluble solids content(SSC),titratable acid(TA),and SSC/TA ratio and big differences inflesh hue angle. And all of them had low internal ethylene 1 d after harvesting but with significant differ-ences among those 3 apple varieties. Ingress of gaseous 1-MCP varied significantly among the three applevarieties tested after treatment with 20 μL·L-11-MCP for 12 h at 20 ℃. Among of them,‘Honeycrisp'accumulated the maximum amount of 1-MCP,followed by‘Gala',and‘Mc Intosh'accumulated theminimum amount of 1-MCP,nearly no accumulation of 1-MCP. However,1-MCP consumption in thejar after 12 h had no differences(18.3%,17.3% and 18.9% for‘Mc Intosh',‘Gala'and‘Honeycrisp',respectively). Taking three apple varieties after treatment with 100 μL·L-11-MCP for 6 h at 20 ℃,re-lease rate and release content of 1-MCP from‘Mc Intosh',‘Gala'and‘Honeycrisp'apple were signifi-cantly different(P<0.05). Three hours before,‘Gala'had the biggest release rate and content,afterthree hours,‘Honeycrisp'showed the biggest release rate and content.【Conclusion】Quality characteris-tic,internal ethylene content and response to 1-MCP of three different apple varieties of‘Mc Intosh',‘Gala'and‘Honeycrisp'showed great difference,accumulation of internal 1-MCP were significantlydifferent after treatment with 1-MCP: the adsorption content(6 h)of‘Mc Intosh',‘Gala'and‘Honey-crisp'to 1-MCP were 16.2%,19.8% and 7.0%,respectively.