基于花粉微观特征的新疆欧洲李亲缘关系分析

Phylogenetic relationship analysis of European plum in Xinjiang based on pollen microscopic characteristics

【目的】从花粉超微结构层面,探讨新疆欧洲李种质资源各类型间亲缘关系及进化程度。【方法】运用扫描电镜的方法对5个欧洲李类型29个新疆欧洲李单株的花粉形态特征进行了观察测量及分析。【结果】供试单株花粉粒均为等极而辐射对称的单粒花粉,萌发器官属N3P4C3型,极轴均值在27.70~41.47μm,赤道轴均值在14.67~21.34μm,极轴和赤道轴的变异系数分别为8.88%和7.51%。5个欧洲李种质类型中,塔城槟子和塔城酸梅的花粉外壁纹饰类型几乎相同,基本都属于'条纹-穿孔',伽师酸梅、国外引进欧洲李品种和野生欧洲李花粉外壁纹饰的主要类型分别为'疣状-穿孔'、'条纹/脑纹-穿孔'和'宽条纹/疣状-穿孔'。【结论】新疆欧洲李花粉形态具有一定的遗传多样性,主要体现在不同种质类型间。聚类分析显示,伽师酸梅和野生欧洲李的亲缘关系较近,而国外引进欧洲李品种和塔城酸梅及塔城槟子的亲缘关系较近。新疆欧洲李种质类型的进化程度由低到高为:伽师酸梅、野生欧洲李、国外引进欧洲李品种、塔城酸梅、塔城槟子。

【Objective】To explore the phylogenetic relationship and evolution degree among various typesof European plum germplasm resources in Xinjiang.【Methods】The pollen morphology characteristics of29 Xinjiang European plum accessions which classified into 5 types were observed and analyzed by scan-ning electron microscope.【Results】The results showed that pollen grain of tested accessions were all iso-polar and actinomorphy single pollen,the germinated organ belonged to N3P4C3 type. The average polaraxis length ranged from 27.70 μm to 41.47 μm,and the equatorial axis length ranged from 14.67 μm to21.34 μm. The polar axis and equatorial axis variation coefficients were 8.88% and 7.51%,respectively.Among 5 European plum types,Tacheng Binzi and Tacheng smoked plum had the same exine ornamenta-tion and mostly belonged to'fringe- perforate'type. The other European plum types,Jiashi smokedplum,introduced European plum varieties and wild European plum mainly belonged to'verrucous-perfo-rate','fringe/cerebroid-perforate'and'wide fringe /verrucous-perforate'types,respectively.【Conclu-sion】The pollen morphology characteristics of Xinjiang European plum had a certain genetic diversity,which were mainly embodied among different types. Cluster analysis showed that Jiashi smoked plum andwild European plum had the near phylogenetic relationship. However,the introduced European plum vari-eties,Tacheng smoked plum and Tacheng Binzi had the near phylogenetic relationship. The evolution degree of Xinjiang European plum types from low to high might be as follow: Jiashi smoked plum,wild Euro-pean plum,introduced European plum varieties,Tacheng smoked plum and Tacheng Binzi.