大学校长教育与政治的双重关怀及其困境——以蔡元培为中心的考察

The University President's Dual Concerns and Dilemma between Education and Politics during the Period of the Republic of China:A Case Study of Cai Yuanpei

民国时期的大学校长作为大学领航人、学术引导者,他们一方面承担引领中国高等教育现代化的使命,另一方面,感受着安身立命的环境的变化,经世致用的文化基因指引他们投身于现实的政治变革,由此产生对教育与政治的双重关怀。遗憾的是,民国时期特殊的历史情境使大学校长在教育与政治上的双重追求总是存在着难以调和的矛盾与冲突,由此产生了难以摆脱的困惑与身心煎熬。蔡元培作为民国时期典型的"政教两栖型"大学校长,其人生境遇为我们深刻解读民国大学校长的生存样态提供了极好的范本。

During the period of the Republic of China,the university presidents as the navigators and inductors of academic,was confronted by two missions:leading the modernization of higher education in China and dedicating to the practical social and political changes.The cultural gene of practical statecraft guided them to engage in the political change,which caused them dual concerns on education and politics.Unfortunately,the double pursuits of education and politics always existed uncompromising conflicts,which brought university presidents insurmountable sufferings physically and mentally.Cai Yuanpei,a typical character who serviced both in political and educational circles,set a convincing sample with his life circumstance,which helped us profoundly understand the university presidents' existent predicament in the period of the Republic of China.