北平市整顿粪业研究——以1936年为核心的考察

The Reform on the Industry of Dung in Beiping——A Research Focusing on 1936

20世纪30年代,北平市政府从加强市政建设、改善公共卫生出发,着手改良公厕、整顿粪业,1936年在卫生局下成立北平市改进粪便事务委员会和北平市处理粪便事务所,进行粪道登记、发放粪具、整顿粪厂等措施的改革。整顿措施因触及粪业者利益,粪业者采取不登记、游行、密谋集会等形式反对,委员会及事务所联合卫生局、公安局动用行政力量逮捕带头闹事者,雇佣临时夫役,同时携手北平市银行为无力缴纳费用者申报小额贷款,最终以发放新登记证肯定粪道所有权的形式结束了粪业整顿。1936年粪业整顿彰显了政府公共职能的增强,发挥了粪业团体的功能,但最终以妥协告终也体现出整顿有待完善。

In 1930 s,Beiping City Hall started improving public toilets and rectifying the Dung industry for promoting the municipal construct and public health. Beiping municipal commission of feces improvement and Beiping processing waste firms,which were the branches under the Sanitary Bureau,were founded in1936 for the reform of feces sewers registration,giving out the tools,the dung factory rectification and other measures. Since the interests of feces industry were concerned during the whole process of the rectification,some workers were against it by refusing registration,protesting,conspiring and other measures. Beiping municipal commission of feces improvement,Beiping processing waste firms and the police worked together to arrest the leaders and hire workers by using the political power. And also with the help of Beiping Bank,they helped the poor,who could not hand in the money,get the petty loan. Finally,the rectification ended with the form of giving out new certificate of registration and confirming the ownership of the feces sewers. This reform,in 1936,demonstrated the enhance of the Government's public functions but reflected that it was not that perfect as well.