重振的幻灭:战后上海外商银行的历史演变

The Disillusionment of Revival:the Foreign Banks in Shanghai after World War Ⅱ

战后,整个世界形势发生巨大变化,与此相应的,在华外商银行的格局亦发生改变。作为战败国德、意、日三国银行被四行二局所接收,原属英、法、美等国财产则发还原主。但其中欧洲各国银行失去扩大海外投资的能力,美资银行恢复较为迅速,实力大为增强。然而,随着内战的深入发展,通货膨胀和物价飞涨的恶疾最终导致经济的崩溃。上海金融业呈病态发展,通货急剧膨胀,但信用却一直处于紧缩状态。一方面游资泛滥,另一方面正常业务多感资金拮据,外商银行在市场中配置资源的作用逐渐消失。为自身利益计,外商银行只能成为投机以及资金外逃的主要渠道,极大地破坏着金融市场的稳定。随着金圆券改革的失败,金融危机狂飙突进,包括外商银行在内的所有金融机构都不能幸免于难,至1949年初,上海外商银行各项业务已经陷于停顿,其战后重振的梦想最终幻灭。

After World War II,the world situation underwent tremendous changes,and correspondingly,the pattern of foreign banks in China changed too.As the defeated countries,Banks of Germany,Japan,Italy were taken over by Four Banks and Two Bureaus.The property of the Great Britain,France and the United States were returned to the original owners,and the European banks lost their ability to expand overseas investment.American banks recovered more quickly,and their competence was greatly enhanced.However,as the civil war in China went on,vicious inflation and soaring prices led to collapse in the economy field.The business of foreign banks stagnated,and their dream of revival after WWII became disillusioned.