新加坡政治选举视域下的东西方文化融合

The Fusion of Western and Eastern Cultures from the Perspective of Singaporean Political Elections

新加坡政治选举是东西方文化融合的典范。在选举制度层面,简单多数制和集选区制度显示出新加坡在西方选举制度的基础上融入了东方权威主义和多元种族主义,非选区议员和官委议员制度则是李光耀和人民行动党根据新加坡的国情基于西方文化中分权、监督和权力制衡的考量。新加坡的选举制度中还融入了很多西方文化中的公平和理性因素。在政治选举过程中始终存在着东西方文化的博弈,人民行动党通过选区的划分和对选举规则、程序的操作,维持了自身在政治选举中的绝对优势地位,体现了东方文化对权威和秩序的追求。在吸收东方文化的同时,人民行动党在政治选举的过程中充分践行了西方的法治精神,通过各种形式的立法和执法压缩了反对党的政治生存空间。面对反对党和民众更多民主的吁求,人民行动党主动为政治选举注入西方文化中的民主、公正和竞争等元素。与此同时,民生和民本作为东方文化的重要组成部分在新加坡政治选举中发挥着很大的影响作用。东西方文化的融合成就了新加坡独特的政治选举文化,在吸收东西方文化精髓的基础上,新加坡的政治选举文化衍生出一以贯之的政治理性、日渐成熟的东方君子风范、循序互动的选举与绩效合法性等三个方面的特点。

Singaporean political elections are the paradigm of the fusion of Western and Eastern cultures.At the electoral system level, relative majority system is concurrent with group representation constituency system.On the basis of Western electoral system, Singapore incorporates oriental authoritarianism and multiracialism into Western electoral system. On the basis of decentralization, supervision and checks and balances of power in Western culture, the system of NCMPs and nominated MPs are the consideration of Li Guangyao and PAP in accordance with Singapore's condition. Into Singaporean electoral system many fair and rational factors in Western cultures are integrated. In the course of political elections there always exists a conflict between Eastern cultures and Western Cultures. PAP has maintained its absolute advantage in political elections by means of constituency division, and manipulation of electoral rules and procedures, which indicates the pursuit of authority and order in Eastern culture. In the process of election, PAP promotes Western legal spirit to its best. It leaves scant room in politics for the opposition parties through various kinds of legislation and enforcement. Confronted with more appeals for democracy from the opposition parties and the general public, PAP is proactive in introducing the factors in Western cultures such as democracy, fairness and competition into the political elections. Meanwhile, people's livelihood and people-oriented idea as very important parts of Eastern cultures are largely influential in Singaporean political elections. The integration of Eastern and Western cultures creates Singapore a unique political electoral culture. Based on the essence of Eastern and Western cultures, Singaporean political election develops into three characteristics: consistent political rationality, increasingly mature gentrification of Eastern society, and election of orderly interaction and performance legitimacy