宏观行为经济学的新发展及其应用

New Developments in Macroscopic Behavioral Economics and Its Applications

现代主流宏观经济学主体是新古典主义宏观经济学,但在解释经济现实方面其面临诸多挑战。而宏观行为经济学修正新古典主义宏观经济学关于人具有无限理性的强假设,通过引入心理因素和社会因素等强调人们在面对不确定性和跨期选择时只具有有限理性或近似理性,以增强对经济现实的解释能力。宏观行为经济学的新发展主要包括研究内容和研究方法,在研究内容方面强调人们的偏好不是独立的、稳定的,会受到心理因素等影响;在研究方法方面不再局限于试验研究方法,开始广泛采用和借鉴其他经济学领域和心理学领域所用的研究方法。它更强调经济学的致用性,强调研究"人们实际是怎样做决策的",在应用方面取得的主要成果包括行为消费理论和对工资与价格刚性新的阐释。宏观行为经济学对我国宏观经济政策的判定也有启示意义。

Neoclassical macroeconomics constitutes the main body of modern mainstream macroeconomics,but it faces many challenges in explaining economic reality. Macroscopic behavioral economics corrects neoclassical macroeconomics in its strong assumption that people have unlimited rationality, and enhances the ability to explain economic reality through the introduction of the psychological and social factors which emphasize that people only have limited rationality or rational approximation in face of uncertainty and intertemporal choices.The new developments of macroscopic behavioral economics lie in its research scope and research methods. In terms of research scope, it emphasizes that human preference is not independent or steady, but affected by psychological factors and the like. In terms of research methods, it is no longer confined to experimentation, but adopts various methods and learns from those applied in other economic and psychological fields. It places more emphasis on practical orientation, and the study of 'how people actually make decisions'. Its achievements in application include consumer behavior theory and the new explanation of wage and price rigidity. Macroscopic behavioral economics is also inspirational to judging and determining China's macroeconomic policies.