国家认同及其建构:多民族国家政治整合的心理基础

Construction of National Identity:The Psychological Basis of Political Integration in Multi-Ethnic Country

政治整合作为多民族国家最基本的维持机制,其整合过程就是塑造各民族成员对国家政治共同体的认同感和忠诚感,增强国家凝聚力的过程。因此,国家认同是多民族国家政治整合的心理基础。在多民族国家中,民族认同是造成国家认同危机的一个重要原因,因此在多民族国家进行国家认同建设的首要问题就是如何对待民族和民族认同。族性和民族认同具有一定的客观存在性,这要求人们对待民族和民族认同要给予尊重和相应的权利。而用包容和支持的态度来对待多元性,必须建立在国家建构强大的凝聚力的前提之下。公民身份是国家认同的政治基础,因此提高民众的公民身份意识是国家认同培养的着力点。

Political integration is the most basic maintaining mechanism of multi-ethnic country. The process of political integration is to shape the identity and loyalty of the national members to the national political community,and to enhance the cohesion of the country. So national identity is the psychological basis of political integration in multi-ethnic country. How to deal with ethnics and ethnical identity is the precondition of construction of national identity. Ethnics and ethnical identity exist objectively,which requires us to show respect and the corresponding right. We need to develop an attitude of tolerance and support towards diversity,but it must be based on the construction of powerful cohesion. Citizenship is the political foundation of national identity,so raising people's consciousness of citizenship is the focus of cultivation of national-identity.