论12世纪中期法国犹太人政策的转变

On the Shift in Jewish Policy of the Mid-Twelfth Century France

12世纪中期,法国社会出现了对犹太人不利的多种因素。王权出于加强国库的需要而垂涎犹太人的高利贷利益,一些贵族为对抗中央王权和自身税赋利益也开始采取新犹太人政策,教会势力则借助十字军东侵之际加强对犹太人的限制,而备受高利贷盘剥的下层人民则成为攻击犹太人的传谣者。12世纪中期成为法国犹太人政策由宽松到歧视的转折点。这对理解欧洲反犹主义的演变具有重要启示。

In the mid-twelfth century, many unfavorable factors appeared in French society. Due to the need to strengthen national treasury, the French kings slobbered the usury of the Jews. At the same time, some local nobles began to adopt new applies for the Jews to resist the kingship and afford more taxation. The church strengthened the restrictions for the Jews, and the people of low level accused the Jews for usury. The applies for the Jews of French government began to be severe. All these are important for understanding European anti-Semitism.