收入不平等的主观测量与容忍度分析——基于职业收入分殊的视角

The Subjective Estimation of Income Inequality and Analysis of Tolerance for Income Gap:From a Perspective of Occupational Income Differentiation

文章依据受访者对设定职业实得收入和应得收入的主观估值,测算了民众感受到的收入差距和可接受的收入差距。结果显示,多数民众所能接受的收入差距显著低于其感知到的收入差距。在应得收入上,多数民众并不接受平均主义的分配取向,而是趋向于一个合理的差距区间;同时,对高收入职业的应得估值呈现出较高的离散性,意味着人们在关于如何降低收入差距上并未形成一致性共识,而是呈现出分配意识的分裂状态。本研究进一步从赫希曼关于收入差距容忍度的理论预设出发,在文献梳理的过程中结合调查数据,提出了几项影响民众可接受收入差距的因素变量。统计结果发现,主体的收入水平、收入公平性认知、交往对象类型、感知的收入差距及未来预期都在不同程度上对其关于收入差距的容忍度有着影响效应。

Using respondents' subjective estimates of the earned income(wages or salary),this paper calculates people's perceived and acceptable income inequality.Results suggest that for the majority of people,the acceptable income inequality is significantly lower than their perceived income inequality.In terms of earned income,the majority of people do not hold egalitarian distribution of income,but tend to accept reasonable and modest income inequality;at the same time,estimates of earned income of high-paying occupations represent some degrees of dispersion,indicating that people have not reached consensus on how to reduce income inequality and that there is a large discrepancy between different income distribution ideologies.Using survey data,our models suggest that tolerance for income inequality is affected by the following factors:Income level,recognition of equality,type of social ties,perceived income inequality,and future expectation.