人力资本还是职业流动?——农民工工资增长机制的一个实证研究

Human Capital or Job Mobility?——An Empirical Study on Migrant Workers' Wage Growth Mechanism

本文基于人力资本理论和工作搜寻理论,结合经济转型时期的制度背景,使用2002年度的中国家庭收入调查(CHIPs)数据,采用Heckman处理效应模型实证分析农民工的人力资本和职业流动对其工资收入的影响,探讨农民工工资增长的微观机制。本文还将教育分组,考察处于不同教育水平人群的工资增长机制的差异。研究结果表明:对于农民工群体,两种不同的工资增长机制(人力资本机制和职业流动机制)在转型时期的城市劳动力市场是并存的,两者都适用于解释农民工工资增长问题。本文还发现高学历者与低学历者的工资增长机制存在异质性,对于高学历者,人力资本的投入和积累是提高收入的主要途径,职业流动往往意味着专用人力资本积累的中断。低学历者的情况则刚好相反,通过职业流动能使他们在劳动力市场中找到工资更高、匹配效率更优的工作,但人力资本对其工资增长并无显著影响。

Based upon the human capital and job search theory under the institutional background during the economic transitional period,this research used the 2002 Chinese Household Income Survey(CHIPs) data and adopted the Heckman treatment effect model to analyze the effect of human capital and job mobility on migrant workers' income and to investigate the micro-mechanism of their wage growth.The role of education in the variations of wage growth mechanism was also studied.The findings show that two distinct wage growth mechanisms(i.e.,human capital mechanism and job mobility mechanism) co-exist in the labor market during the economic transitional period,and both can be used to explain wage growth for migrant workers.The results also indicate that the above mechanisms have different influences on two types of migrant workers.For highly-educated workers,investment in and accumulation of human capital are the main mode of increase in income,and job mobility causes the interruption of accumulation of human capital.In contrast,low-educated workers find employment with better pay and commensurate rewards in the labor market through job mobility;however,human capital does not contribute significantly to pay rise.