元代科举制与延祐以后南北文风的混一

On the Imperial Examination and the Fusion of Styles between North and South since Yanyou Period in Yuan Dynasty

元代的科举在存与废的波折舛途中设立,而科举制作为一种重要的制度性权力,从文学角度看,它无疑成为元代盛世文风流行的制度化保障。元代延祐时期以复古为尚、以平易雅正为旨归的诗文风气,之所以在文坛被普遍接受,成为元代普遍认同的盛世文风,科举制起了重要的推动作用。虞集、袁桷、吴澄等学者在大德年间提出融合南北的诗文理念之后,科举制则为其提供了传播的平台和途径。借助科举中的座主、门生、同年结成的关系网络使他们的诗文理念在元代文坛迅速流衍成为可能。在具体的传播方式上,书序、雅集、游历等多种文人活动方式,保证了诗风以多样性的方式在文人中间传播和接受,从而使平易雅正的诗文风气被普遍接纳并得以广泛流传,元代文坛的典型风尚由此定型。

The imperial examination, the defining system, ebb and flow tortuously in Yuan Dynasty. Itsestablishment guarantees systematically the heyday literary style of Yuan Dynasty. Honoring the Tangpoem style and being elegant and plain sweep the literary circles in Yanyou period. Yuji, Yuanjue, andWucheng bring up the idea of fusing the northern and southern poetry styles in Dade period anddisseminate this idea by the imperial examination. The network of teachers and pupils, benefactors andbeneficiaries, the peers makes it possible that their principles go viral. The multifarious activities such asthe forewords,Yaji, and travel spread the poetry style, catalyzing the acceptance and ubiquity of theelegant and plain style. So far,the typical literary style has been established in Yuan Dynasty.