论新感性与审美生活世界的重建——马尔库塞美学思想的根本问题

On the New Sensibility and the Reconstruction of an Aesthetic New World:The Fundamental Problems in Marcuse's Aesthetic Thought

针对人遭受技术文明与现实社会压抑的问题,马尔库塞提出了基于艺术与审美的新感性,并力图以此为基础建构一个审美生活世界。在新感性与审美生活世界的重建之中,商业化、急功近利与对低级趣味的迎合等,是当代文艺创作与研究必须克服的重要问题。亟待解决的任务是:克服大众艺术一味工业化与市场化的严重弊端,以及批判与遏制凭借非人性技术所实现的变态的娱乐主义。艺术尽管被赋予了进步与解放的神圣使命,但这种使命的实现无疑是极其艰难的。因为,一切艺术与审美仍然可能被技术、世俗与现行体制所同化,从而丧失原初的反叛与解构的本性与力量。与此同时,任何理论都必须在与现实的对话中拓展思想道路。在这个全球化时代,新感性及其对艺术与审美生活本身的切近,进而关注艺术、审美与人伦之间的相互生成,依然是审美生活世界的当代重建所应当探究的重要课题。

Marcuse put forth the notion of'new sensibility'to address the suppression upon human beings from technology and reality,with a view to constructing an aesthetic new world.In the process of reconstructing the new sensibility and new world,such problems as commercialization,desire of quick returns,catering to low tastes,etc.,are important ones needing immediate handling.Our urgent tasks today include,among others,overcoming the drawbacks derived from mere pursuit of industrialization and marketization of mass art;criticizing and curbing the abnormal entertainment generated by inhumane technologies.The sacred mission for art to promote human progress and freedom is no doubt very difficult to be achieved.Since,art and aesthetics can be assimilated by technologies,common customs and existing systems,which will lead to the loss of its original force and nature of resistance and deconstruction.Meanwhile,every theory must be developed in its interaction with the real world.In an era of globalization,the issues of new sensibility and its close relationship with art and aesthetics,and its emphasis on mutual creation between art,aesthetics and human relationships,are still important themes needing further exploration in the reconstruction of the aesthetic new world.