甲状腺功能减退症大鼠下颌下腺形态学及超微结构的改变

Changes of the morphology and ultrastructure of the submandibular glands in rats with hypothyroidism

目的:观察甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)大鼠下颌下腺形态学及超微结构的变化.方法:将成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组、甲减组、甲状腺素治疗组.成模后,称重,取血检测三碘甲状腺激素(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺素(TSH);取下颌下腺组织,H-E染色及电镜观察.结果:造模后对照组、甲减组、甲状腺素治疗组体质量分别为(444.50±19.42)g、(292.25±17.40)g、(340.50±27.65)g,后两组与对照组比较、后两组间比较差异均有统计学意义.对照组、甲状腺素治疗组与甲减组T3、T4、TSH比较均有统计学意义.甲减组下颌下腺腺泡萎缩,排列不规则,颗粒曲管数目减少,直径变小,胞质淡染;甲状腺素治疗组明显好转.甲减组腺细胞核固缩、染色质致密,线粒体空泡变性,粗面内质网扩张,核糖体脱颗粒.甲状腺素治疗组少数细胞有核固缩现象,线粒体少量空泡变,粗面内质网轻度扩张,没有明显的核糖体脱颗粒现象.结论:甲减可引起下颌下腺形态学及超微结构异常,甲状腺素治疗有效,推测甲减的病理生理机制可影响下颌下腺的形态结构.

Objective:To observe the morphological and ultrastructural changes in submandibular glands of hypothyroid rats and discover the pathogenesis between the submandibular glands and hypothyroidism.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,hypothyroid group and thyroid hormone treatment group.After the construction of the hypothroid rats model,the rats were weighed up and killed to assay blood triiodothyronine,tetraiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone and the morphological and ultrastructural changes in the submandibular glands were observed.Results:weight in the control group was(444.50±19.42) g,in the hypothyroid group was(292.25±17.40) g,in the treatment group was(340.50±27.65) g,and the difference in each two groups was significant.The difference of hormone between group H and group C,group T and group H was both significant.The acinus mildly atrophied,and the acinar cells were arranged irregularly in hypothyroid rats.Thyroxine group improved significantly.In hypothyroid group the cell nucleus mainly formed karyopyknosis.Most mitochondria exhibited swelling,vacuole degeneration and cristac breaking.Rough endoplasmic reticula expanded and ribosomes showed degranulation.The ultrastructures of the treatment group were similar to the control group.Conclusion:The abnomal morphology and ultrastructure can be induced on the submandibular glands in hypothyroid rats.Treatment with thyroid hormone is effective.The pathophysiology of hypothyroidism can affect the morphology of submandibular gland.