食虫蝙蝠听觉器官构件间的匹配

Component matching among the auditory organs of insectivorous bats

目的:了解食虫蝙蝠听觉器官构件间的相互匹配.方法:显微解剖与测量斑蝠、普通伏翼蝠、普通长翼蝠、大耳菊头蝠、大蹄蝠共5种食虫蝙蝠的外耳长(L)、锤骨柄长(L1)、砧骨长突长(L2)、鼓膜面积(S1)、镫骨底面积(S2)、耳蜗径高(H)、耳蜗底宽(W)等特征变量,并对获得的数据进行统计学分析.结果:不同种类蝙蝠变量间差异有统计学意义.L1/L2、S1/S2、W/H分布范围分别为1.81～2.03、15.15～23.21、1.40～1.54,其中S1/S2的比值波动最明显.鼓膜、听小骨与耳蜗的各特征变量间,除锤骨柄长与耳蜗底宽、镫骨底面积与耳蜗底宽之间未呈现出相关性外,其他各对变量间均呈正相关.外耳耳长与中、内耳各构件的特征指标间均无相关性.结论:食虫蝙蝠听觉器官构件间的合理匹配为回声定位功能的发挥提供了必要的结构基础.

Objective:To understand the component matching of the insectivorous bats’ auditory organs.Methods:The characteristic parameters such as length of the external ear（L）,helve length of the malleus（L1）,crus longum length of the incus（L2）,area of tympanic membrane（S1） and stapes’ foot plate（S2）,height（H） and bottom width（W） of the cochlea of five insectivorous bat species including Scotomanes ornatus,Pipistrellus abramus,Miniopterus fuliginosus,Rhinolophus macrotis,Hipposideros armiger were determined through microscopic measuring after these components were isolated by micro-dissection,then these data were analyzed statistically.Results:（1） Significant difference existed in these characteristic parameters among different bat species（One-way ANOVA）.（2） Distribution range of L1/L2.S1/S2,L1/L2 were 1.81-2.03,15.15-23.21,1.40-1.54,and corresponding average values were 1.92,19.97,1.48,respectively.The ratio of S1/S2showed the most significant fluctuation.（3） Each parameter pair among tympanic membrane,ossicular and cochlea showed significant positive correlation except L1 and W or S2 and W.（4） There was no significant correlation between length of external ear（L） and all the parameters of middle and inner ear.Conclusion:Reasonable matching between the auditory organs components of insectivorous bats laid the structural foundation for sensitive and effective ultrasound perception.