高楼落物侵权的法律规制——兼评《侵权责任法》第87条

Regulations on Falling Objects from Tall Buildings: My Comment on Article 87 of the Tort Law of the PRC

《侵权责任法》第87条对侵权人不明的高楼落物侵权责任的承担进行了规定,该条规定具有保障受害人得到补偿、统一司法实践、降低致害概率的积极意义,但也存在许多不足之处,主要表现为不利于社会和谐、容易引发道德风险、预防功能不充分、适用前提不明确等问题,没有很好解决高楼落物侵权所面临的困境。笔者认为采取社会救济、高楼落物赔偿基金、保险赔偿等多种途径相结合的救济方式,并在《侵权责任法》中增加惩罚性赔偿制度,这样不仅可以使受害人得到较好的、充分的补偿,而且可以有效预防此类侵权损害的发生。

Article 87 of the Tort Law of PRC has imposed the liabilities of the tort of falling objects from tall buildings where no specific tortfeasor is specified. By Article 87, victims can be compensated,differences in judicial practices can be solved and the occurrence of the injury can be reduced. However, it still leaves much to be desired. Article 87 could not be good for the harmony of our society, could easily cause moral risk, could not provide adequate prevention of the tort of falling objects from tall buildings and the precondition to apply Article 87 is not clear yet. Article 87 does not resolve the dilemma faced by the tort of falling objects from tall building. Adopting the way of the combination of social relief, compensation fund and insurance compensation and adding punitive compensation in Tort Law not only can enable victims to get full compensation but also can effectively prevent of this kind of tort.