论《马氏文通》的“主次”

On Zhu-ci of Ma’s Grammar

本文主要讨论《马氏文通》的"主次"问题。《马氏文通》的"主次"是马建忠根据西方语法学说中的"主格"(nominative case)建立的语法术语,它虽然有模仿性的一面,但也有创新性的一面,它与西方语法的"主格"有所不同。《马氏文通》所给的"主次"的定义是有缺陷的,"句之主次"和"读之主次"提法容易造成阅读者的误解。研究《马氏文通》的"次"理论,从中吸取有益的教训,对于今天的语法学术研究,有着非常重要的借鉴作用。

The term Zhu-ci(主次)was coined by Ma Jian-zhong based on western gram- mar.Though borrowed,the term had its own unique connotation differing from its western counterpart.The paper points out that the definition of nominative in Ma’s Grammar is flaw- ed.The proposition of the two terms"Zhu-ci(主次)of the phrase"and"Zhu-ci(主次)of the sentence"is confusing and could lead to misunderstanding among readers.