民族间农民婚嫁行为变迁的比较研究——来自湖北432户农户家庭的调查

A Historical Survey of the Behavior of Ethnic Peasant Marriages in Hubei Province

研究发现,湖北农户家庭人口年龄分布呈现一种典型的"M"型,这预示着在未来10—20年湖北农村会有一次人口出生的高峰期,但新的生育高峰对未来人口快速增长的冲击程度明显要较上一高峰小得多。随着时代的变迁,受教育程度的提高,农民的婚嫁行为也发生着显著变化,主要表现在:初婚嫁年龄明显反弹,婚姻倾度显著增大,通婚半径也相应加长。尽管这一结论在民族间、村落间有些差异,但总的趋势是一致的。导致农民婚嫁行为变化的根源主要来自农村教育的普及。

To further our study on the marriage behavior of rural areas, I organized more than 30 undergraduates to make a survey of the rural family behavior in Hubei Province during the winter vocation in Zhejiang and Shanxi provinces in 2002. The general survey is based on the random samples obtained by students, while the spot survey is based on 5 minority villages of the western Hubei, covering 432 cases. The data of more than four hundreds rural households in Hubei suggest that the age distribution of population in Hubei households changes on a model of ″M ″, and so it is in Zhejiang. This result indicates a population bearing pinnacle in the future 10-20 years, but the new pinnacle working on the fast growth of population is less than the past one. As time changes, and education increases, the behavior of peasant marriages is obviously changed. The marriage age is obviously younger and the marriage gradient bigger. The radius of the marry circle is also increased. Although there exist some differences among nationalities and villages, the basic direction is consistent. The marriage behavior of peasants changes with the level of rural education. It can be positively said that to enhance basic rural education is an important way to change traditional rural society and economy.