论俄国象征主义诗歌的独创性

Uniquely Original in the Russian Symbolist Poetry

俄国象征主义诗歌运动尽管在哲学思想和艺术技巧方面受到西欧文化的影响,但是对俄罗斯民族文化的继承和发展,无疑具有独特的品性。其独创性主要体现在三个方面:展现世纪末情绪和颓废情调,表现内心世界的强烈的矛盾对立与冲撞;神化"自我",疏远"上帝",对传统宗教进行深刻的反思,力图重新建构人与上帝的关系;特别注重"瞬间"真实,追求"瞬间"的美感,并且具有神秘主义色彩。俄国象征主义在世界文学领域具有一定的认知价值。

The history of Russian literary symbolism may be traced to the beginning of 1890's. Though some Russian symbolists denied the influence of French symbolism, it is clear that Russian symbolism has its roots in the French symbolism. It is a lopsided view when some critics deny the national cultural originalities of the Russian symbolist poetry. The trends and ideas applied in the atmosphere of the times in Western Europe, the philosophical ideas of Shopenhaur, Nietzsche, Bergson, the literary ideas of Baudelaire and other French symbolists, all had a significant influence on the philosophical and aesthetic concepts of the Russian symbolist movement. At the same time, deep inside the symbolist groups there existed an underlying succession of the Russian traditional philosophical and cultural principles. Russian symbolists had their own national characteristics of culture and poetics. Beside the fundamental features of the symbolist poetry, including the mystic and the musical, Russian symbolist poetry has such characteristics as follows:Firstly, Russian symbolists tried to reveal in their poems a deep sense of the end-of-the-century emotion and the feeling of the decadence, and to express the pressure and the strong conflicts in their inner world. Their senses and feelings were the bitter thoughts over the new century and the sequenced embarrassment and agitation. At the same time, the symbolist poets didn't addict themselves to the end-of-the-century emotions. They just wanted to express their own ideas and aesthetic principles through this sense. Secondly, Russian symbolists tried to apotheosize themselves and to be indifferent to God. They reflected deeply upon traditional religions, trying to rebuild a new relationship between human being and the universal spiritual being. It is in this aspect that Russian symbolist poetry is different from the French symbolism. And thirdly, Russian symbolists had their special focus on the truth and aesthetic sense of the ″moment ″, and gave less prominence to ″eternity ″. They chased after the unpredictable spiritual life and the bewildering and confusing inner perception. This made their poems tinged with mysticism. Therefore, Russian symbolists not only inherited the techniques of the French symbolism, but also developed traditional Russian culture. Russian symbolist poetry is the refraction of the tone and the emotion of a special period in the Russian history. It has its unique cultural characteristics and cognitive values.