秦始皇陵2,3号坑兵马俑原料来源和研制工程的初步分析

A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING AND THE PROVENANCE OF RAW MATERIAL OF THE TERRACOTTA WARRIORS AND HORSES IN THE PITS No.2 AND No.3 OF QIN SHIHUANG'S MAUSOLEUM

为探究秦始皇陵兵马俑的原料来源和烧制技术 ,选取 6 3个秦始皇陵 2 ,3号坑的兵马俑样品和 2 0个秦陵附近的黏土样品 ,2个耀州瓷胎样品 ,进行中子活化分析 (NAA) ,测定每个样品中 32种微量元素的质量分数 .将这批NAA数据进行模糊聚类分析 ,得到动态模糊聚类分析图 .结果表明 ,2号坑和 3号坑兵马俑原料来源不完全相同 ,但多数兵马俑样品与秦陵附近的垆土样品关系密切 ,其原料来源可能在秦陵附近 ,由此推断烧制 2 ,3号坑兵马俑的窑址也可能在秦陵附近 .还初步分析了 2 ,3号坑兵马俑研制工程的历史背景和秦陵封土 ,2号坑夯土、回填土与附近黏土的关系 .

63 samples of terracotta warriors and horses from the 2 nd and 3 rd pit of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, 20 samples of clay near Qin's Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies are examined to determine the contents of 32 elements in each of them by neutron activation analysis (NAA). NAA data are further analyzed using fuzzy cluster analysis to obtain a fuzzy cluster trend diagram. The analysis shows that the sources of the raw materials of the terracotta warriors and horses from 2 nd and 3 rd pit are not exactly the same, but most of them are closely related to the loam soil layer near Qin's Mausoleum.It can be concluded that the kiln sites might be located nearby. A preliminary analysis on the development engineering of the terracotta warriors and horses in the 2 nd and 3 rd pits of Qin's Mausoleum is also given.