关于文学批评研究的起点和途径

On the Starting Point and Way of the Study of Literary Criticism

关于文学批评问题的致思方法 ,过去我们习惯于先验地设定文学批评有一个抽象的本质 ,把研究的过程作为接近和揭示这一本质的过程。但这种先验的形而上学本质论常常把研究引向对现象界存在的具体事物的抽象规定上 ,力图由此找到一种超越时间与空间的抽象本质。事实证明 ,这种致思方式难以达到对感性存在于现实之中的文学批评现象的理解。因此 ,必须将此问题的提问的方式由文学批评是什么 ,转向文学批评是如何存在的。

Concerning with the way to answer what the 'essence' of literary criticism is, in the past, we were used to the way that we had set an abstract definition for literary criticism transcendentally, and then viewed the process of research as a way to approach and reveal the essence. However, this kind of transcendental and metaphysical theory of essence always leads the research to a situation of giving an abstract regulation to a concrete matter which exits in a phenomenal world in order to find an abstract essence which can cross both space and time. This way of research has been proved that it can't approach the sensitive understanding of the literary critical phenomena existing in the reality. Therefore, we have to reverse the way of research from 'what is the literary criticism' to 'how the literary criticism exits.'