征收(用):公共利益、正当程序与公平补偿——对宪法修正案征收(用)条款的解读

Expropriation(Requisition): Public Interest, Due Procedure and Just Compensation ——The Reading of the Expropriation (Requisition) Amendments to the Constitution

为保障公民私有财产,宪法第二十条、第二十二条修正案史无前例地区分了征收和征用,并确立了一个完善的征收征用标准体系:目的上是公共利益,程序上是依照法律,前提上是给予补偿。本文从这几个方面着手,简要阐述了它们各自产生的历史根源、理论基础、一般含义及意义,指出法定程序的根本内涵是正当程序,依法补偿的内在要求是公平补偿,并建议将这些原则性的规定通过下位法律予以具体化。

In order to protect private property, both the twentieth amendment and the twenty-second amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China distinguish between expropriation and requisition historically, setting up the mature standard of enforcement: public interest as the purpose, in accordance with law' in the procedure, and providing compensation in advance. After outlining their history, theoretic elements, contents and significance respectively, this article emphasizes that due procedure is the core of legal procedure while compensation by law inherently demands just compensation. In addition, this article recommends that these abstract principles should be materialized by laws inferior to the Constitution.