青少年心理疾病与其性别、性格、家庭等因素的关系

Analysis of present state of psychological diseases in adolescents

目的:分析青少年心理疾病现状,寻找主要的致病因素并提出相应对策。方法:收集中国医科大学心理卫生医院1992-10/2003-10年龄11～18岁的青少年住院患者病例583份进行统计分析,其中年龄11～14岁318人,15～18岁265人;男性219例,女性364例,诊断标准符合中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准第2版修订版。结果:①青少年易患的心理疾病是:精神分裂症占43.1%、其他精神病性障碍占10.0%、心因性精神障碍占9.3%、抑郁性神经症占7.2%、强迫性神经症占5.5%。②青少年心理疾病发病例数呈逐年上升的趋势,1992/1993住院4例,占总数0.7%,2002/2003住院104例,占18%。③致病因素多为心理社会因素,表现为难以适应环境变化132例、学习任务过于繁重91例、感情与家庭变故83例。结论:青少年心理疾病发病例数呈逐年上升的趋势,与心理、社会因素相比,遗传因素已不是青少年心理疾病的主要致病因素,应采取相应措施进行预防。

AIM:To analyze the present state of psychological disease in teenagers,and to find out the etiological factors and put forward cooresponding measures. METHODS:Data of 583 hospitalized patients(219 males,364 females) aged from 11 to 18(318 cases were 11-14 years old,265 were 15-18 years old) from Mental Hea lth Hospital of China Medical University during 1992 to 2003,according with the diagnostic standard of CCMD-2-R,were collected for statistical analysis. RESULTS:①Psychological diseases that were caught easily by teenagers were sch izophrenia(41.3%),other mental disorders(10.0%),psychogenic mental disorder(9. 3%),depressive neurosis(7.2%)and compulsive neurosis(5.5%).②There was a risi ng tendency of the case number of adolescent psychological diseases with years:4 cases(0.7%) during 1992-1993,and 104 cases(18%) during 2002-2003.③Most of the etiological factors were psychosocial factors.It was manifested as being dif ficult to adapt oneself to the development of society(132 cases),too much study task(91 cases),emotion and family accidents(83 cases). CONCLUSION:There is an increasing tendency of the incidence of psychological d iseases in teenagers.Compared with psychological and social factors,genetic fact or is no longer the main etiological factors,so appropriate measures should be t aken to prevent it.