大学生女子足球运动员有氧耐力及其营养摄取的调查

Aerobic endurance and nutrition intake of university female soccer players

目的:调查大学生女子足球运动员的有氧能力、血液生化指标及营养状况,为提高女子足球运动员的体力提供科学依据。方法:受试者为大学生女子足球运动员11名(实验组),与没有运动习惯的女大学生11名(对照组)进行比较,对照组的生活和学习制度统一按学校要求实施,实验组除训练外,一切与对照组的要求相同。大学生女子足球运动员的训练期为1年。结果:实验组的最大吸氧量犤mL/(kg·min)犦大于对照组(36.7±3.2和30.5±3.4;t=3.26,P<0.05),而体脂肪率(%)小于对照组(19.2±2.3和23.7±3.4;t=4.7,P<0.01);实验组乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶(μkat)与对照组比较明显增加(乳酸脱氢酶:6.33±0.57和6.16±0.42;肌酸磷酸激酶:3.30±2.17和1.73±2.02);实验组的血红蛋白、血红蛋白比率和血细胞比容均在正常范围内,但较对照组明显减少,差异均有显著性意义(t=4.84,4.23,7.04,P均<0.01)。结论:女子足球运动员的有氧耐力高于没有运动习惯的女大学生;能量的摄取、糖、蛋白质、钙和铁的摄取量明显不足,为了增强有氧能力,女子足球运动员应该增加这些营养物质的摄取量。

AIM:To investigate the aerobic capacity,blood biochemical indexes and nutritio nal status of college female soccer players,so as to provide scientific evidence s for improving their aerobic capacity. METHODS:Eleven female college soccer players(experiment group) and 11 female s tudents without the habit of exercise(control group) were tested and compared,th e life and study institutions in the control group were practiced according to t he standard of the university,while the experiment group was the same as the con trol group except training for one year. RESULTS:VO2max[mL/(kg·min)]of the experiment group(36.7±3.2) was significant ly higher than that of the control group(30.5±3.4)(t=3.26,P< 0.05),while fat ra te(%) of the experiment group(19.2±2.3) was significantly higher than that of the control group(23.7±3.4)(t=4.7,P< 0.01).Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and creat ine phosphokinase(CPK) concentrations in serum(μkat) in the experiment group(6. 33±0.57 and 3.30±2.17) were significantly higher than those of the control gro up(6.16±0.42 and 1.73±2.02);while Female college soccer player's hemoglobin(Hb ),Hb%and hematocrit(Hct) values in blood were all normal,obviously decreased co mpared with the control group,and the difference was significant(t=4.84,4.23,7.0 4,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:The aerobic endurance of female soccer players is higher than the c ontrol group,and the intake of energy,glucose,protein,calcium and ferrum was not sufficient obviously in female soccer players,so they should increase the intak e of these substances to improve their aerobic capacities.