预防农村室内空气污染健康教育诊断研究

The Diagnosis of Health Education on Preventing Indoor Air Pollution(IAP) in Rural Areas

目的 了解农村家庭妇女与室内空气污染相关的健康情况及其影响因素 ,为实施健康教育干预提供依据。方法 以整群抽样方法抽取甘肃省徽县 3个乡 18～ 6 5岁农村家庭妇女 4 94名 ,进行问卷调查。结果 调查对象中存在呼吸道疾病的有 118例 (2 3 9% ) ;居住环境较差 ;调查对象整体室内空气污染 (IAP)知识水平较低 ,不同个体之间差异较大 ;健康状况与环境中的厨房的位置、是否在做饭的屋子吃饭、冬天是否使用火盆有关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 室内空气污染对我国农村居民健康的影响因素包括环境、认知水平和行为 3个方面。提高农村居民健康水平应当从这 3方面入手。

Objective To understand the health conditions related to IAP of rural women and its influential factors and to provide a reference basis for intervention. Methods The total of 494 women aged 18-65 years old in rural areas of Hui county were selected by cluster sampling and investigated by questionnaire. Results 23.9% of them have suffered from respiratory diseases. The whole knowledge level of them about indoor air pollution was low and the differences between them were great. Meanwhile these objects had some health-risky behavior and some health-related problems. The location of kitchen, whether having dinner in the kitchen and whether making use of fire pan in winter were relevant to health conditions. Conclusions The effects of indoor air pollution on the health of rural population of China are affected by environment, the cognition level and behavior. Improving health level of peasants should start with the three aspects.