我国南方常见两种家鼠蚤某些生物学特性的实验室观察

Laboratorial Observation on some Biological Characters of two Rat-fleas in South China

文报道了印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤某些生物学特性的实验室观察。刚羽化出来未经交配的两种雌蚤吸血后可产下少数孵不出幼虫的卵,雌蚤一经交配可促使产卵量增加,当雄蚤比例多于雌蚤时亦可促使产卵量增加。这两种蚤吸血前无交配现象,吸血后24小时内就可交配,3天后产下受精卵。在我国南方印鼠客蚤平均室温25～30℃,缓慢细蚤9～26℃大约一个月就可更替一代。缓慢细蚤在寄主死亡之后产卵量逐渐减少,28小时后停止产卵,在恢复吸血后产卵量逐渐增加,24小时产卵量恢复寄主死亡之前的数量,说明跳蚤存在明显的营养生殖协调规律。

This paper reports the observation on some biological characters of Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis in laboratory. 1. Uncopulate females of Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis might oviposit a few nonfertilized eggs after first blood-sucking, but these eggs cannot hatch. Copulation might stimulate females to oviposit. When the proportion of male was more than female, the amount of eggs female oviposited increased. The hatching rate of these eggs was about 90.85%-98.90%. 2. Both male and female of Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis did not copulate before blood-sucking. Twenty-four hours after blood-sucking the copulation begins and the female oviposited fertilized eggs. 3. Xenopsyylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis alternated a generation about 25-60 days and 30-70 days at 25-30?C and 9-24?C in the laboratory respectively. 4. Oviposition of Leptopsylla segnis decrease gradually after host died and the oviposition stopped after twenty-eight hours. Oviposition resumed gradually after twenty-four hours when provided with new host.