三江平原沼泽区“稻-苇-鱼”复合生态系统生态效益研究

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM OF RICE-REED-FISH IN THE MIRE REGION OF THE SANJIANG PLAIN

在三江平原沼泽区建设"稻-苇-鱼"复合生态系统的实验研究表明,它具有提高水资源利用率,调节河川径流,改善气候,净化环境,改良土壤,防止沼泽退化,保护濒危动、植物资源等多种生态功能,并进一步提高了生产力和土地治理率。

In this paper the ecological benefits of complex ecosystem of rice-reed-fish in the mire region of the Sanjiang Plain are presented according to firsthand observations in the field in four years and chemical analysis data of soil,water and product of the system. This system utilizes water resource comprehensively and cyclically and raises its u- tilization rate.It is able to regulate the runoff of river and maintain the regional water balance,so,it has become an ecological defence for farmland around the complex ecosys- tem.It makes the air relative humidity rise,similar to mire function so that it prevents regional environment from drying.Some field management measures,ploughing amd irri- gatiom in spring,improve thermal regime of soil and appear a positive effect for soil tem- perature in the reedland.This system also owns ecological function in conserving region- al ecological environment and raising its quality.It has ability to clear up many kinds of organic and inorganic pollutant from water and soil.The soil fertility of this system has been increased in comparison with original mire.This system provides a ideal habitat of propagation,foraging,nidation and fattening for wild precious mire animals,both the quantity and composition of mire animal have increased obviously after exploiting mire in this way.The system plays an important role in conserving rare mire animals and maintaining ecological balance of mire region.This exploitative model improves the pro- ductive force as compared with mire and raises the land-control rate in this area.We be- lieve that exploiting mire in the way of growing rice and reed and fishing is one of the ideal models for wide distributional region of mire.It creates a new path for our country to develop mire.