美国师范教育的沿革

The evolution of American normal education

近200年来,特别是20世纪以来,美国的师范教育经历着一个从无到有,从低层次到高层次的发展过程。自19世纪20年代第一所师范学校建立至今,美国的师范教育(职前培养)大体经历了三个发展阶段。分别主要由师范学校、师范学院、综合大学的教师学院或教育学院培养中小学教师,是这三个阶段的主要特征。与此同时,美国教师资格认证制度也发展成为世界上最完善的教师资格认证制度之一。

In the past 200 years, especially since the 20th century, the American normal education has been shaped up and developed itself from a low level state to an advanced stage.Since the 1820s when the first American normal school was set up, the American normal education(pre-vocational training)has generally experienced three phases:normal schools,normal colleges,and teachers colleges and educational colleges in universities.Meanwhile,the teachers qualification attestation system in America has also developed into one of the most perfect in the world.