日本中小企业创新研究制度(SBIR)考察

Innovation Research (SBIR) System of Japan

在经过多年对美国中小企业创新研究制度的研究后,日本于1999 年建立了自己的中小企业创新研究制度。在此之前,日本已有许多支援中小企业的政策,但这些政策都单纯把中小企业视为应保护对象。而中小企业创新研究制度则注重中小企业的技术创新能力,旨在向那些有能力的中小企业提供特定的研究课题和经费补助。日本中小企业创新研究制度在政策实施方面也有一个与以往政策的不同点。它将创新过程分为可行性研究(Ⅰ)、研究开发(Ⅱ)和商品化 (Ⅲ)3 个阶段,对(Ⅰ)阶段的援助课题数量多,但每个课题的补助金额较小;而对于(Ⅱ)(Ⅲ)阶段的援助课题数量少,但补助金额较大。这样有利于保证国家经费的使用效率,提高创新成功的可能性。

Japan established its own SBIR in 1999 based on many years’ careful study of America’s SBIR. Japan historically implemented many policies to support small businesses, which treated small businesses only simply as subjects to be protected. The SBIR system, however, places the major emphasis upon their capacity of technical innovation, aiming at supplying selected research topics and special financial subsidies to those small businesses that are eligible. The SBIR system of Japanese small businesses differs from the past policies in the implementation procedures as well in that the SBIR system divides the innovation process into three stages: (I)feasibility study, (II)development and (III) commercialization. At the first stage, the supporting research topics are many but the subsidy for each of the topics is small, while at the second and third stages, the number of research topics is reduced but the subsidies are increased. It is the conclusion of this paper that so doin