论现实主义的发展及其命运

The Development of Realism and Its Fate

现实主义作为一种居主流地位的国际关系理论群 ,包含人性现实主义、新现实主义、防御现实主义、进攻现实主义和新古典现实主义等先后出现的不同分支。这些不同分支体现了现实主义的发展 ,但也引起了现实主义内部的争论与批判。争论的焦点就是应该坚持现实主义的“原教旨”还是应该借鉴其他学派的有益假定。对于这样一场关乎现实主义命运的讨论 ,中国学者应该提出自己的分析和见解。本文在总结现实主义演变的基础上 ,针对现实主义内部的批判 ,指出现实主义者应向其他理论流派学习 ,以包容和开放的心态借鉴其他理论范式的长处来改造自身 ,不排除发展动态的综合理论模型的可能性。

As a dominant paradigm in international relations theory,realism consists of different branches,classic realism, neorealism ,defensive realism,offensive realism,and neoclassic realism,which embody both the development of realism and the debates and criticism therein.The debates focus on whether realism should stick to its fundamentalism or absorb the useful assumptions from other paradigms.Based on a summary of the evolution of realism and the debates among the realists,this essay proposes that realism should learn from other theoretical schools,borrowing some advantages of the other paradigms to renew itself ,and not rule out the possibility of developing a dynamic and synthetic theoretical model.