实践的自由是审美的根本——与杨春时同志商榷

Freedom of Praxis Is the Foundation of Aesthetics——A Discussion with Comrade Yang Chunshi

实践范畴是马克思主义实践美学的基础,马克思主义创始人对它作了科学的规定,绝不是什么乌托邦,倒是以“主体间性”为根基的后实践美学的精神个体的超越性才是乌托邦。实践不仅是社会本体论的本体,而且是审美、美、艺术的本体。当社会实践达到一定的创造的自由程度时,自然的人化和人的人化使得人类超越实用关系、认知关系、伦理关系而生成人对现实的审美关系,这种审美关系显现在对象之上就是美,显现在人的身上就是美感,艺术则是审美关系的集中表现形式。离开了科学的实践观就无法揭示审美的根本,从离开实践的主体间性来解释审美就只能远离真理。

The category of praxis is the foundation of Marxist aesthetics of praxis. The founders of Marxism gave it a scientific definition, which is absolutely not a utopia, on the contrary, it is the transcendence of spiritual individuality of post-praxis aesthetics based on 'between-subjectivities' which is a utopia. Praxis is not only the body of social ontology, but also the body of aesthetics, beauty and art. When social praxis has reached a certain degree of creative freedom, the humanization of nature and the humanization of human beings make humans transcend practical, cognitive and ethic relations, and form an aesthetic relation of humans to reality, which appears as beauty on objects and as aesthetic feeling on humans, while art is the form of concentrated expression of aesthetic relations. Without a scientific view of praxis, the foundation of aesthetics could not be revealed. The interpretation of aesthetics without the 'between-subjectivities' of praxis could only be far from the truth.