大气中O_3和CO_2增加对大豆复合影响的试验研究

A Diagnostic Experiment Study of the Composite Influence of Increasing O_3 and CO_2 Concentration on Soybean

利用OTC 1型开顶式气室 ,对大豆“中黄 1 4”进行了长时期不同O3和CO2 处理的接触试验 ,模拟研究CO2 和O3浓度倍增及其交互作用对大豆发育期、黄叶率和绿叶率、根瘤、生物量及其分配、产量结构、籽粒品质及叶片膜保护系统的影响 ,结果表明 :单独O3浓度倍增 ,发育期明显提前 ;生物量最多可减少近一半 ,产量最多减产 60 %以上 ;粗蛋白含量增加 6 2 % ,粗脂肪含量降低 7 6% ;叶片脂膜过氧化加剧。单独CO2 浓度倍增 ,开花后发育期有所延迟 ;对生物量及产量有明显的正效应 ,成熟时总生物量和籽粒产量分别比T5增加 2 1 0 %和 2 0 3% ;粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别下降 3 3%和 1 6% ;结荚前叶片脂膜过氧化反应减轻。CO2 和O3持续倍增和逐渐达到倍增交互作用处理 ,在生物量、产量方面表现为CO2 的影响大于O3,在叶片膜保护系统方面表现为O3的影响大于CO2 ,粗蛋白含量下降 ,粗脂肪含量上升 ,叶片脂质过氧化加剧。熏气处理均可造成 :黄叶率上升 ,绿叶率下降 ,凋落物增加 ,且单独O3浓度倍增的处理最明显 ,通气仅 1 0天黄叶率就高于 5 0 % ;超氧化物歧化酶活性增强 ;气孔阻力增加 ,蒸腾速率下降 ,且单独CO2 浓度倍增的处理最明显 ,尤其在高湿阴天 ,气孔阻力和蒸腾速率变化最高分别可达增加 2 34 0 %和下降5 8 5 %。

A long time experiment inside five open top chambers is made to study the impacts of different concentrations of ozone and/or carbon dioxide on “ZHONGHUANG 14” cultivars soybean The results show that ozone concentration doubling may lead to: contents of protein increasing 6 2%, biomass decreasing proximity 50%, yield decreasing over 60% and fat decreasing 7 6% Under ozone concentration doubling, the lipid peroxidation is accelerated Contrarily, carbon dioxide concentration doubling causes positive effect on biomass and yield, which increase respectively 21 0% and 20 3% at maturity period There are inhibited lipid peroxidation before pod stage as well as decreased protein and fat under doubling carbon dioxide The mixed ozone and carbon dioxide may alleviate the negative effect of ozone on biomass and yield of soybean The mixed treatments also lead to promoting lipid peroxidation and fat as well as dropping protein Exposuring treatments can all lead to increasing yellow leaf ratio, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and stomata resistance as well as decreasing green leaf ratio and transpiration