青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程西藏段西侧湖泊资源与环境

Modern lake resources and environment on the western side of the Tibet section of the phase-II project of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程西藏段西侧地理坐标为东经88°0'～91°57'23″,北纬30°11'54″～32°28'06″,面积约126875km2,有大小湖泊106个。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所于2001年在距正在修建的青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程约300km处的班戈湖(湖面海拔4522m)建立了目前世界上海拔最高的湖泊资源与环境试验观测站,开展了一系列研究工作。研究区湖泊中有硼、锂、钾、石盐、镁、芒硝、碱、钠、铯等9种盐类资源。班戈湖型卤水提锂的小型蒸发试验表明,卤水制备需采取2阶段方式,并经使用冻出芒硝与卤水分离和“不蒸发而升温”技术,在盐田中已制取含Li2CO322.4%的混盐。这一技术对研究区锂资源开发有借鉴作用。对气象和水文也进行了观测。

Situated on the western side of the Tibet section of the II-phase project of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the study area is confined to longitude 88°0′-91°57′23″ E and latitude 30°11′54-32°28′06″ N, with an area of approximately 126 875 km2. In this area there are 106 lakes of varying size. In 2001, the R & D center of Saline Lakes and Epithermal Deposits of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences set up the world′s highest long-term observation station for lake resources and environmental tests in Bangkog Co (with a lake level of 4522 m above sea level) ～ 300 km from the railway and carried out a series of research. There are nine saline mineral resources in these lakes, namely, boron, lithium, potash, halite, magnesium, mirabilite, alkalis, sodium and cesium. Pilot tests of extracting Li from Bangkog Co type brines suggest that brine preparation requires a two-stage process and the use of the techniques of separation of mirabilite by refrigeration from brines and 'temperature rise without evaporation'. Mixed salt containing 22.4% Li2CO3 has been produced in the saltfield. The technique may be used for reference in the development of lithium resources in the study area. In addition, meteorological and hydrological observations have also been made.