虚拟水理论方法与西北4省(区)虚拟水实证研究

THEORY AND METHOD OF VIRTUAL WATER: A CASE STUDY OF NORTHWEST CHINA

虚拟水是水资源管理研究中的新概念,是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量;虚拟水战略是指缺水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型产品(粮食)来获得本地水和粮食的安全。引入了虚拟水的概念,简要介绍了当前国际虚拟水研究进展和计算方法。同时结合西北地区的实际情况和资料的可获得性,计算了2000年新疆、青海、甘肃、陕西4省(区)居民消费的虚拟水数量和人均虚拟水消费情况,并分析了虚拟水战略对西北地区解决水资源短缺问题的政策涵义,最后分析了虚拟水战略的优劣,并提出了西北地区应用虚拟水战略的前景和有关措施。

the water used in the production process of an agricultural or industrial product is calledthe 'virtual water' contained in the product, and virtual water strategy means countries orregions whose water is scarce achieve their water security and food security by importing water-intensive products from those whose water is abundant. As an attractive instrument to waterscarce countries, virtual water has received more and more attention and been applied to relievethe pressure on the nation's own water resource and solve food scarcity. The paper introduced theconcept of virtual water first, then the framework of virtual water research and in advance , thenillustrated the virtual water content calculation methods of kinds of products. As a case, the papercalculated the virtual water consumption of the very four provinces according the actual situationsand the accessibility of data in northwest China in year 2000. Some discussions were conducted,especially the policy implications of virtual water strategy for northwest arid China. The paperended with some summaries and suggestions such as strengthening the virtual water research,establishing the regional policy supporting system, innovating the water management mechanisms, applying the virtual water strategy in some potential regions gradually, and so on.