天然富勒烯的地质产状与成因

OCCURRENCE AND GENESIS OF NATURAL FULLERENCE

天然富勒烯研究是富勒烯科学和地质科学相交叉的一个新兴研究领域,迄今为止已在桑加岩、闪电熔岩、陨石撞击坑中的含碳质角砾岩、古近系/白垩系地层界线(E/K)的含碳粘土岩、三叠系/二叠系(T/P)界线岩石(粘土岩、硅质岩)、恐龙蛋壳、煤、重质油、固体沥青以及半天然的烟灰、木炭、书墨等物质中检测到富勒烯的存在,但含量很低。多数天然富勒烯的地质分布、成因机制与陨石撞击、野火、闪电等有关,但部分天然富勒烯的成因尚不清楚。天然富勒烯研究扩展了人们对自然界碳结构及其演化的认识,在地质事件、事件地层如陨石撞击事件、E/K界线、T/P界线等的研究中充分显示了其独特的方法和应用价值。

The study of natural fullerenes is a new area of across fullerene science and geological science. So far natural fullerenes have been found in shungite, fulgurite, carbonaceous conglomerates in impact crater, E/K boundary carbon-rich clay rock layer, T/P boundary layer, dinosaur eggshell, coal, heavy crude oil, solid bitumen and so-called seminatural fullerenes in common soots, Chinese ink sticks, commercial char, et al., only with low concentrations. The geological distribution and genesis of most natural fullerenes have relations with meteoritic impact, wildfire, lightning strike, et al. and the causes of formation of some natural fullerenes are uncertain. The study of natural fullerenes expands the knowledge about the carbon texture and its evolution in nature and reveals its particular methods and application value adequately in the study of geological events and event stratigraphy, for instance, meteorite impact event, E/K boundary and T/P boundary,et al.