文化生存与生态保护:以长江源头唐乡为例

On Cultural Surviva l and Environmental Protection——A Case Study of Tangxiang Community

通过长江源头第一乡———唐乡小型牧业社区的人类学考察 ,阐述当地生态环境恶化不仅是全球变暖等自然因素导致 ,也不局限于经济发展等因素酿成 ,本土人群主体性被忽略、人与高原生态环境之间游牧文化链被冲击甚至被打破亦是不可忽视的重要原因。在人与自然之间 ,不仅是依存和攫取等功用性关系 ,还存在着文化联系。生活在特定环境中的人群以自身千百年绵延的文化理念及行为与当地环境达成协调一致 ,当这种文化关联被外来文化冲击至岌岌可危甚至断裂时 ,生态环境的恶化和本土文化的存在危机都将是难以避免的。

This paper is based on the anthropologic research c onducted in Tangxiang, the small-sized pastoral community, also the first townsh ip at the source of the Yangtse River. The paper testifies that the deterioratio n of local ecological environment is not merely attributed to the restrictions a rising from economic development and such natural factors as the increasingly wa rm global climate. The negligence of local people's initiatives and the impact o n even the breakage of the cultural chain between man and the prairie ecological environment also play major roles. The relationship between man and nature is n ot merely a utilitarian one featuring in dependence and snatch. Their cultural r elationship is also in existence. Those people living in the specific environmen t have coordinated themselves with local environment by means of their century-o ld cultural ideologies and behaviors. When this cultural relationship is endange red or even severed by the influences of outside cultures, the deterioration of ecological environment and the threats to the existence of local culture are bot h inevitable.