从特色词看平话、湘南土话和粤北土话的关系

The Relation among Pinghua , South Hunan Dialect and North Guangdong Dialect as Viewed from the Distinguishing Vocabulary

列举了平话、湘南土话和粤北土话的部分特色词 ,它们是 :铛、箸、着、恐、公 /婆、息、飞鼠、白公 /白婆、生鸡、臊甲、马荠、鼻头。这些词或者是古汉语传承词 ,或者是古越语底层词 ,或者是方言创新词。在此基础上同其他方言进行了比较、分析 ,指出 :这些特色词不是方言接触的结果 ,而是历史遗留下来的产物 ,这说明平话、湘南土话和粤北土话在历史上有过比较密切的联系。它们现在所呈现出来的差别可能是后来其他汉语方言和少数民族语言影响的结果。

The present article enumerates some common dialect vocabulary in Pinghua , South Hunan dialect and North Guangdong dialect. They a re铛、箸、着、恐、公/婆、息、飞鼠、白公/白婆、生鸡、臊甲、马荠、鼻头, which are either some words from ancient Chinese, or from ancient Yue state dialect vo cabulary spoken by the low class people, or from some dialects coinages. Based o n this statement, the article contrasts and analyzes it with other dialects. A s tatement is concluded that the common dialect vocabulary is not the consequence of mutual contact, but an outcome left behind by history. This also explains the re was a close relation among Pinghua , South Hunan and North Guangdong dialect in history. The presently emerged differences among these dialects are the outco me of mutual contact among afterward-Chinese dialects and minority language.