鱼-稻-苇-蒲模式对苏打盐碱土的改良

Improvement of FishRiceReedCattail Pattern on Soda SalineAlkaline Soil

对松嫩平原苏打盐碱地鱼-稻-苇-蒲开发模式土壤微生物和土壤化学性质进行了初步测定。结果表明:渔业开发后,土壤pH、含盐量平均下降了8.17%和43.57%,土壤有机质、全量N、P、K和速效性N、P、K均显著增加;土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基总量平均分别增加8.21%及27.71%。稻田、苇塘和蒲塘土壤微生物总量平均分别增加10.0倍、1.9倍和2.3倍;土壤酶的活性增强。排水洗盐对降低土壤含盐量的贡献率约为80%,稻秆、芦苇和蒲草的富集作用对降低土壤含盐性增强。排水洗盐对降低土壤含盐量的贡献率约为80%,稻秆、芦苇和蒲草的富集作用对降低土壤含盐量的贡献率约为10%。该模式对苏打盐碱土壤具有明显的改良效果。

Soil chemical and biological properties for coordination fishricereedcattail husbandry in suda salineCDalkaline land of Songnen Plain was studied from 1998 to 2002. The results show that soil pH and salinity decrease by 8.17% and 43.57% respectively at after exploited in fishery,organic matter,total N,total P,total K and available N,available P,available K is big increase than that of before exploited,CEC and exchangeable basa increase by 821% and 27.71% respectively. Soil microorganisms of paddy field, reed pond and cattail pond increase by 10.0, 19 and 2.3 times respectively, and soil enzyme activity increase than that of before exploited. The humus of soil take the fulvic acid as the dominant factor, the increas rate of HA/FA value is 21.08%-52.33%. The dedicate rate of salinealkaline washing by drain away water is about 80% on decreasing consentration of salinity in soil. The dedicate rate of absorption by rice straw, reed and cattail is about 10% on decreasing consentration of salinity in soil. Salinity and alkalinity of the wastewater in ecoagriculture pattern of fishricereedcattail decrease at 1.07-1.19g/L and 7.07-10.13 mmol/L, respectively.