推倒古典哲学形而上学神像重开哲学之思——简析海德格尔及其《形而上学导论》

To Deny the Sacred Statue of Metaphysics and Reopen a New Thinking Mode of Philosophy

在《形而上学导论》中,海德格尔开篇就提出了"究竟为什么在者在而无反倒不在?"的问题。之所以这样发问,是因为他首先深刻地反思了西方从古希腊哲学到德国古典哲学形而上学的历史。接着,他又批判了近代哲学用"思"去规定"在",也就是控制论、价值化、世界资源化、利益最大化的形而上学的思维方式。他运用现象学的方法论,从本体论出发,以"在者"为起点,吸收了"生存哲学"和"生命哲学"的精华,以时间为视域,来说明"此在",进而领会"在"和"无",从中导出了生命及其意义。推倒了古典哲学形而上学的神像,重开了哲学之思。

Heidegger raised question 'Why entity is here but nothing is not?' at the beginning of 'Introduction of Metaphysics' because first he reflected history of metaphysics from ancient Greek philosophy to German classical philosophy.Then he criticized modern philosophy because it used 'thinking' to define 'being',i.e. the metaphysical mode of thinking of cybernetics, valuation, world resource and benefit maximized. Starting from ontology and' entity', Heidegger used the method of phenomenology, absorbed essence of' philosophy of existence' and 'philosophy of life', explained 'existence' in the vision of time and induced from it the life and its meaning. He denied the statue of metaphysics and reopened a new thinking mode of philosophy.