科学主义与茅盾早期的文学选择

Scientism and Mao Dun’s Early Selection in Literature

茅盾早期的文学选择有过从"新浪漫主义"退回"自然主义"的变化。学界在论析其更换的原因时,缺乏从一种学理性内质———科学主义的视角进行探讨,所以未能完满地释解之。强调精确观察、科学实证、冷静解剖、客观叙述的自然主义文学的创作原则,与推崇科学的五四时代精神合拍,与科学主义思潮的导引有内在逻辑联系,从而成为"为人生的艺术"创造的基础,这是茅盾选择自然主义文学的主要原因;而胡适按科学进化理论所创立的"历史的文学观念论"也对此选择产生影响。

Mao Dun’s early literary career underwent the change from neo-romanticism back to naturalism. In analyzing the cause of the change, most critics lack the rational scientist viewpoint and thus fail to give a satisfactory approach. The creative principle of naturalism, which emphasizes precise observation, scientific evidence, cool anatomy and objective narratives is in fact entirely in accordance with the spirit of the May 4th movement. There is an internal link between that and scientist trend and thus it becomes the basis of “art for life”. These are the main cause of Mao Dun’s selection of naturalist literature. Hu Shi’s theory of historical literature also plays a role in the selection.