美国的科举学

The Study of Imperial Examinations in the US

科举学是一门国际性的学问。在西方,美国对科举制度的研究成果最多,不仅大量的论著涉及科举,而且有多种专门的科举研究论著问世。美国的科举研究内容丰富,最为集中的论题是科举与社会阶层流动的关系、科举考试的公平性,以及科举考试与学校教育的关系。美国科举学以实证研究和多学科研究为主要方法,形成了鲜明的研究特色。通过对美国科举学概况的述介和评析,可以看出西方科举学与中国传统科举研究的不同旨趣,并为中国的科举学提供借鉴。

The study of imperial examinations (IE) is an international learning. In the West, the US has achieved the most in this area, as is shown by the number of works touching upon IE and a variety of monographs on specific research questions of IE. The most researched issues include the relationship between IE and social mobility, the fairness of IE, and the relationship between IE and school education. The study of IE in the US employs mainly positivist and multi-disciplinary approaches. By reviewing the literature of IE study in the US, we can find differences in IE study in the West and traditional IE study in China and that there is much in the IE study in the US that we can draw upon to improve our IE study.