流浪母题与20世纪西方文学

The Theme of Vagrancy and 20th Century Western Literature

流浪与流浪文学是一个古老的话题,从荷马开始历经数千年写作界的深情关注到了20世纪,劳身心之苦的经验感受和见多识广的知识阅历作为流浪的外在表现形态正渐渐被人们遗忘,但千年写作文化积淀的“流浪意识”并没有在写作者身上消失,而是以更多更复杂的形态表现了出来一是物理空间位移的游历行为依然普遍存在,习惯上称为“行万里路”;二是行为个体在无目的漂泊中,一种与个体或群体存在处境和精神处境相分离的生存形式以及由此而产生的一种心理状态和身份——意识,笔者管它叫“精神流浪”;三是群体或种族在“失根”状态下,因被同化及精神本源的失却而凝积为一种隐蔽的社会无意识状态,我称之为“种族流浪”;四是一种逃避方式,本质上即是远离主流文化中心自我放逐至边缘处境,理论界定义为“流亡”。本文就此四方面的代表作家及文本试作简略举证和分析。

Vagrancy has been an ancient literary topic jiust like vagrancy literature since Homer's time and it has been keenly give more notice by writers for thousands of years. What is nearly forgotten about vagrancy is the external forms, namely, the physical and spiritual tormenting, the expansion of experience and knowledge. In spite of the violent changes with time, the“vagrancy consciousness”is still rooted in writers' hearts. Moreover, it is expressed in more colorful and complex forms. Firstly, the purposeful vagrancy in the form of spatial movement still commonly exists. Secondly, an existing form separating the existing situation and the spirit situation of the individuality and the community and the“Identity Awareness” and psychological state accompanied with the aimless wandering, or more exactly,“Spiritual Vagrancy”. Thirdly, the covert “ social unconsciousness ” ,or “ Ethnic Vagrancy ” experienced by a “ rootless ” community or ethnic group due to assimilation or the loss of spiritual root. Lastly, the escapist vagrancy-- the displacement or alienation from the mainstream culture or self-banishment to a marginal state. It is defined“exile”by theoretical authority .This article tries to make a brief analysis of some representative writers and writings of the 4 types of vagrancy literature.