草业科学框架纲要

Discussion on the framework of pratacultural science

草业科学是研究草地农业生态系统的科学,主要研究对象是3个要素群,3个主要界面和4个生产层。草地农业生态系统的生物因子群居于核心地位,非生物因子群是生态系统的自然立地条件,社会因子群是草地农业系统所处的社会立地条件,草业科学需要分别设立相应的基础课,以探讨各个因子的基本内容及其相互关系,掌握基本理论和方法。草业科学最重要的3个界面是草丛-地境界面、草地-家畜界面、草畜-社会界面,它们是系统最活跃、最敏感、功能最密集的部分,是草业科学新的分支学科的生长点,草业学科针对3个界面及其功能的特异性和必要性设立专业基础课,而且针对生产需要,对基础课和专业基础课加以综合,开设专业课。3个界面,连缀了草业生产前植物、植物、动物和外生物4个生产层,根据社会生产的要求,草业科学按照4个生产层可将相关课程重组成二级专业,或沿着生产流程,按照有关学科的内在联系,重组成二级学科。

Pratacultural science researches the grassland agro-ecosystem, mainly looking at 3 elemental groups, 3 main interfaces and 4 production levels. Biotic factors play a key role in the grassland agro-ecosystem. Abiotic and social factors are the natural and social conditions of the ecosystem, respectively. For pratacultural science, corresponding foundational courses should be set up, in order to explore the basics of the factors and interrelationships between them, to master the basic theories and methods. The three most important interfaces of pratacultural science are the site-vegetation, grassland-livestock and grassland-livestock system-society interfaces. They are the most active, sensitive and function-dense parts of the ecosystem, and the growth points of new subjects of pratacultural science. For pratacultural study, specialized foundation courses should be set up to look at the distinctiveness and necessity of the three interfaces and their functions. Moreover, to meet production requirements, specialized courses should be founded integrating foundation and specialized foundation courses. The 3 interfaces assemble together the pre-plant, plant, animal, and ultra-biotic production levels. To meet the demands of society, secondary subjects and secondary specialties of pratacultural science could be established by assembling the relative courses according to the 4 production levels and according to the intrinsic relationship between relative subjects along the production flow.