在善与善之间:伯林的价值多元论难题及其批判

Between Virtues: A Problematic of Isaiah Berlin's Values-Pluralism and Its Criticism

英国哲学家以赛亚·伯林(Isaiah Berlin，1909-1997)提出了一种独特的价值理论。这种理论关注的焦点不是“善”与“恶”之间的不可相容性和不可通约性，而是“善”与“善”之间的不可相容性和不可通约性。伯林把它视为当代哲学的核心难题。这个难题表现为两个方面，

This paper explores the problematic of Isaiah Berlin's values-pluralism and its criticism from other contemporary philosophers. The main issue of Berlin's values-plu- ralism is not the incommensurability and incompatibility between 'virtues' and 'e- vils', but the incommensurability and incompatibility between different 'virtues' Berlin takes this issue as the central problematic faced by contemporary Western philos- ophy. He not just realizes this real problem, but also wants to avoid skepticism, rela- tivism and subjectivism. For the question that 'is there really no right answer in hard cases', He provides a negative answer, and makes the incommensurability and incom- patibility between 'virtues' become the 'unresolved' problematic. Therefore, John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, Robert Nozick, Richard Rorty and many other modern philos- ophers tries their best to resolve this problem but with no successful conclusions finally. Berlin's philosophy has some similarity with that of Frankfurt School, structuralism and post-structuralism, and new pragmatism. With the characteristics of vivid 'rebelling', Berlin's doctrine has become one important branch of the contemporary Western phi- losophy.