台湾海峡南部海域游泳生物区系组成和渔业资源现状

Fauna composition of necton and fishery resources in the southern waters of Taiwan Strait

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年台湾海峡南部海域游泳生物调查研究结果表明 ,该海域的游泳生物有 36 5种 ,其中鱼类 2 72种 (硬骨鱼类 2 6 1种 ,软骨鱼类 11种 ) ,隶属 2 0目 ,86科 179属 ;其次为甲壳类 70种 ;头足类 2 3种。暖水性鱼类种类 2 0 8种 ,占鱼类种数的 76 .4 7% ;暖温性鱼类为 6 4种 ,占 2 3.5 3% ;无冷温性鱼类。鱼类区系属于印度 -太平洋的中国 -日本亚区。种类数的季节变化依次呈秋季大于春季大于冬季大于夏季。生物量的季节变化 ,依次呈夏季大于秋季大于冬季大于春季。而生物量尾数的季节变化依次呈春季大于冬季大于秋季大于夏季。生物量和生物量尾数的优势种分别为中国枪乌贼和静蝠。各站点月平均生物量分布为 2 7.6 6 5～ 73.5 2 0kg/(h·net) ,平均为 4 4 .4 6 6kg/(h·net)。月平均生物量尾数分布为 1312～ 6 35 6ind/(h·net) ,平均为 2 30 2ind/(h·net)。应用Cushing模式估算该海域渔业资源量为 10 8.0 8× 10 4t。根据Cadim模式估算最大持续产量为 6 1.2 2× 10 4t。文中对渔业资源结构。

The southern waters of Taiwan Strait lies between the East and the South China Seas, and is an important fishing ground. The necton in the waters have been investigated since the 1980’s but was not investigated in the past two decades in detail. Based on the trawling survey data of 11 stations, and the samples of light-seine and fixed net which were collected in the waters during May,August,November,2000 and Feburary,2001, the composition of fauna of necton and the state of fishery resources in the waters were researched . By Cushing(1971)model(B=G/μ,G = (0.01P + 0.1S) /2,S= PE),the biomass of fishery resources were estimated, and the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) were estimated by Cadim model: MSY = 0.5(Y + MB). The results showed that there were 365 species necton in the waters, among which there were 272 species of fishes (11 species of chondrichthian fishes, 261 species of osteichthian fishes),belonging to 20 orders,86 families,179 genera. There were 70 species of crustacean and 23 species of cephalopoda in the area. There were 208 species of warm-water type fishes (occupying 76.47% of the total fishes), 64 species of warm-temperate fishes (occupying 23.53% of the total fishes).There was not any cold-temperate fishes.The benthic fishes were 141 species(51.84% of the total fishes).There were epibenthic fishes 62 species((22.79%) of the total fishes), pelagic fishes 42 species (15.44%of the total fishes) and reef fishes 27 species(9.93%of the total fishes). The fish fauna belongs to the sub-fauna of China-Japan in the Indian-Pacific Ocean .The seasonal variations of species in number follows the order of Autumn>Spring>Winter>Summer. The seasonal variations of biomass in weight follows the order of Summer>Autumn>Spring. And the variation of biomass in number follows the order of Spring> Winter>Autumn >Summer. The dominant species of biomass in weight and in number were Loligo chinensis Gray and Leiograthus insidiator (Bloch),respectively. The distribution of biomass in the stations were 27.665 kg/(h·net)( Station 03) to 73.520 kg/(h·net) ( Station 04) monthly, totally averaged 44.466 kg/(h·net). The distribution of biomass in number was 312 ind/(h·net)( Station 09) to 6 356 ind/(h·net)( Station 11) monthly, total ly averaged 2 302 ind/(h·net). The biomass of fisheries resources were estimated to be 108.08×104 t in the waters, and the MSY was estimated to be 61.22×104 t. The yearly average catches(1996-2000) were 64.70×104 t, which surpassed the MSY. The dominant species have been obviously changed during the investigation period as well. The results showed that the fishery resources were over-exploited. Therefore, the fishing efforts must be rigorously controlled. The fishery resources and ecological environment should be conscientiously protected.