270km·h^(-1)高速动车动强度分析

Dynamic Strength Analysis of the 270 km·h^(-1) High-speed Motor Car

为使机车车辆在复杂的动态受力情况下,既有足够的强度和刚度,又达到轻量化的目的,将车体、转向架构架及轮对轴箱均作为弹性体考虑。在合理模拟270km·h-1高速动车悬挂元件、设备质量及各种载荷的基础上,利用ANSYS软件瞬态动力学分析功能计算该车在270km·h-1,300km·h-1等速度下运行时的动应力,得到应力—时间历程曲线。对车体主要部件的动强度进行研究,并与试验数据进行比较,结果比较吻合。进一步分析表明:270km·h-1高速动车除车体前、后两端变压器梁与牵引支座交接处最大应力达到了110MPa,其它各点最大应力基本上都在100MPa以内;运行条件相同的情况下,受低激扰谱轨道随机不平顺激扰时车体的应力低于受高激扰谱轨道随机不平顺激扰时的应力;列车运行于300km·h-1时,车体总体应力大于列车运行于270km·h-1时车体对应点的应力,且应力波动频率更高。

In order to guarantee enough structure strength and stiffness of locomotive and rolling stock suffering complex dynamic loading while lightening the weight of the locomotive and rolling stock, a dynamic strength analysis is made, in which the car-body, framework of bogie, wheel sets and axle boxes were all treated as elastic bodies. Suspension components,equipment mass and various kinds of load of a 270 km·h^(-1) high speed motor car were simulated properly. The dynamic stress of the 270 km·h^(-1) high-speed motor car was calculated by transient analysis using ANSYS software and stress-time curves were obtained at running speeds of 270 km·h^(-1) and 300 km·h^(-1). The dynamic strength of main components was analyzed and compared with the result of test. The results of simulation and testing values are consistent. Further analysis shows that maximum stresses at various spots of the 270 km·h^(-1) motor car all fall within 100 MPa with the exception that the maximum stress reaches 110 MPa at the joints of the front and rear transformer beams and the traction supports of the car body. Under identical conditions, the car body stress under the random uneven track excitation of the low excitation spectrum is lower than under the random uneven track excitation of the high excitation spectrum. When the train is running at a speed of 300 km·h^(-1), the gross stress of the car body is greater than the stress at the corresponding point of the car body when the train is running at 270 km·h^(-1). Furthermore, the fluctuation frequency of the stress is even higher.